La pagina Progetto HIA21 e` online

Nella strategia generale sui rifiuti dell'Unione (1996) si stabilisce la gerarchia preferenziale delle operazioni di gestione. Al terzo gradino di tale gerarchia è previsto lo “smaltimento finale ottimale e il migliore monitoraggio”. La strategia sottolinea anche la necessità di prevedere nuovi e migliori strumenti di gestione del ciclo dei rifiuti. Nello stesso documento la DG Ambiente dell'UE sostiene che il cittadino può, e deve, chiedere costantemente all'amministrazione locale quali interventi essa compie per migliorare la situazione dei rifiuti a livello locale.

Da qui nace il Progetto HIA21

Toscana e Abruzzo, le regioni nelle quali sono ubicati i due impianti pilota del progetto HIA21, hanno una produzione annuale di RSU di circa 2.545.014 e 699.265 tonnellate, con una produzione procapite rispettivamente di 686 e 524 chilogrammi per abitante.

Le azioni di HIA21
• monitoraggi sulle varie matrici ambientali come aria, acqua, suolo e agenti fisici, indagini epidemiologiche sui principali indicatori sanitari, indagini di carattere economico e sociale.
• consultazioni periodiche e costanti con i portatori d'interesse (stakeholders) e con le popolazioni locali.
• incontri con la popolazione per discutere gli stati di avanzamento dei lavori, per pianificare insieme le azioni da intraprendere per la valutazione degli impatti e recepire suggerimenti e istanze da parte delle popolazioni locali.

HIA of waste management facilities in three European countries.

Click here to check out a more detailed diagram of the full chain of health impacts of waste management.

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BACKGROUND:
Policies on waste disposal in Europe are heterogeneous and rapidly changing, with potential health implications that are largely unknown. We conducted a health impact assessment of landfilling and incineration in three European countries: Italy, Slovakia and England.

METHODS:
A total of 49 (Italy), 2 (Slovakia), and 11 (England) incinerators were operating in 2001 while for landfills the figures were 619, 121 and 232, respectively. The study population consisted of residents living within 3 km of an incinerator and 2 km of a landfill. Excess risk estimates from epidemiological studies were used, combined with air pollution dispersion modelling for particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For incinerators, we estimated attributable cancer incidence and years of life lost (YoLL), while for landfills we estimated attributable cases of congenital anomalies and low birth weight infants.

RESULTS:
About 1,000,000, 16,000, and 1,200,000 subjects lived close to incinerators in Italy, Slovakia and England, respectively. The additional contribution to NO2 levels within a 3 km radius was 0.23, 0.15, and 0.14 μg/m3, respectively. Lower values were found for PM10. Assuming that the incinerators continue to operate until 2020, we are moderately confident that the annual number of cancer cases due to exposure in 2001-2020 will reach 11, 0, and 7 in 2020 and then decline to 0 in the three countries in 2050. We are moderately confident that by 2050, the attributable impact on the 2001 cohort of residents will be 3,621 (Italy), 37 (Slovakia) and 3,966 (England) YoLL. The total exposed population to landfills was 1,350,000, 329,000, and 1,425,000 subjects, respectively. We are moderately confident that the annual additional cases of congenital anomalies up to 2030 will be approximately 2, 2, and 3 whereas there will be 42, 13, and 59 additional low-birth weight newborns, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current health impacts of landfilling and incineration can be characterized as moderate when compared to other sources of environmental pollution, e.g. traffic or industrial emissions, that have an impact on public health. There are several uncertainties and critical assumptions in the assessment model, but it provides insight into the relative health impact attributable to waste management.

Forastiere et al.: Health impact assessment of waste management facilities in three European countries. Environmental Health 2011 10:53