Cross-country comparison of quality control in EA

No quality control or assurance instruments implemented in Germany.

Wanted to see what was happening elsewhere.

What are the international trends in EIA and SEA.

4 key words 4 country case studies.

INTEGRATION:

PERSONNEL:

TRANSPARENCY:

EFFECTIVENESS:

Concluding Questions:

Impact grid for health assessment of hydroelectric

EIA they do not include health impact acts derived from environmental impacts.

Build and analyse the network of health impacts due to environmental aspects regarding hydroelectric construction.

Case study of Rondônia

A suggestive approach of the health impacts concerning a national hydroelectric on most common impacts related to environmental factors.

Positive impacts

Creation of permanent jobs 

Increase of income

Urban development 

Negative impacts

migration

air pollution

sexually transmitted disease 

Impact Network example

Worker camp changed land use leading to loss of flora be fauna and mercury contamination from existing industrial and artisanal and forest burning and deforestation leading to loss of lora and fauna which in turn lead to changes in infectious parasitic diseases and contribution to climate change.

Also leading to other chronic diseases and increase in accidents caused by local workers being able to buy motorbikes and cars.

Increase in calorie sense foods.

Barriers

Lack of quantitative data

Facilitators

Published studies on dams

Health costs and impacts neglected by developers/proponents.

IAIA15: HIAs in the transport sector

Connections with EIA and SEAN in Styria, Austria.

Background

Majority of disease burden caused by transport

Health has to be viewed as cross-departmental

...

EIA mandatory 1994

HIA not mandatory

Identify opportunities for cooperation of health in EIA.

Key conclusions

Variety of facilitating and inhibiting factors.

SEAs has the potential to integrate HIAs

Integration of HIA and EIA recommended

Integration of HIAs in EIA in transport sector.

Integration of HIAs in SEAs

Disinclination to accept new instruments 

Big interest in transport sector but topics with conflict

Inter sectoral cooperation is a barrier

Political support a facilitator

fIrst piece of work on HIA and transport in Austria.

First pilot HIA has been carried out.

Health considerations within EIA in Kenya?

Research undertaken on EIA/SEA framework and how health operationalised in Kenya in EA practice.

EA frameworks include health but not broad enough and may dilute environmental impacts.

In Kenya 2.5 million people have been pushed into poverty because of policy implemented on paying for health care service use.

50 respondents (consultants, researchers, some others).

Majority agreed that health is not only about absence of disease.

But said yes it is about biophysical factors affecting health.

While there was disagreement about considering social determinants.

Wanted more guidance material specific to Kenya.

Felt health can only be cover health superficially.

Recommendations made by respondents

• Want health objectives
• Want obligatory requirements
• Need health to be integrated in EA and economic development 
• Need enforcement
• Need training for EA experts
• Need community empowerment

Evolving Practices of HIA: Qou Vadis

May own experience on how HIA has changed.

Pre-2009: 77% HIA done after ESIA, 50% retrospective 

After 2009: 33% HIAs done after ESIA

Integration in management plans

No HIA performed because of legal framework before or after 2009.

Public domain reports 0% to 8% (4).

Stakeholder engagement 

...

Mainly mining projects in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Barriers and opportunities 

No frameworks in high and low income countries for mining, health and EA. So variation in company standards and no one to hold to account.

Significant health costs particularly TB and chronic lung disease. HIV also a big issue.

Too narrow a definition of health in guidelines.

Interaction health authorities locally is challenging.

Strong occupational health regulation none for community health.

Health in EA is an untapped potential to improve public health locally.

Weak monitoring and evaluation of health findings.

What is the gap between the projects that don't consider health at all?

Need for better health regulations.

Intersectional collaboration.

Documents public and community aware and can read/understand findings.

Host governments leading not just lending institutions and companies.

IAIA15: EU Impact Assessment Systems: to which extent a global model

EU Impact Assessment process has developed over the last decade and 80% of impact assessmenst are sent back for further improvement when first submitted.

No explicit health dimension in regulatory and policy level impact assessment.

SEA Directive: strengths, weakneses and applicability beyond EU
SEA Directive is a framework not a blueprint i.e. minimal standards, non-procedural, national transposition with additional requirements.

Impact-centred SEA approach - not so much applicable to policies.

10,000 SEAs undertaken to date!

Plans and programs at national, regional, local and transboundary levels and their amendments.

Sets framework for carrying out EIA.

Undertaken before plan or programmes adopted - becoming ex ante.

Tiering provisions avoiding duplications in assessments is increaisngly being used.

Scoping consultations and nevironmental and health authorities - arrangements and quality vastly differs.

Anlysis requires:
Dynamic baeline
Relevant environmental problem
Relationship with environmental policy objectives
More and more assessment of health and consideration fo transboundary impacts alongside transboundary impacts (alongside environmental impacts).
...


Consultations:
Environmental and increasingly health authorities.
...

Decision making and follow up:
Outcomes of consultations and SEA report are taken into account.
Adopted PP
How were SEA outcomes considered.

SEA increasingly looked at during funding applications for major projects. Ex ante conditionality of capacitybuilding for EIA and SEA in countries where projects are situated.


Example of an SEA in Turkey.