HIA update from Human Impact Partners in San Francisco

Exciting updates about 3 projects

We started working on a Health Impact Assessment of the proposed Interstate-710 expansion as sub-contractors to ICF International and with funding from the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro).

The I-710 is a vital transportation artery that links the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles to the rest of Southern California and beyond. The expansion of this stretch of freeway, passing through 15 cities and unincorporated areas in Los Angeles County, is proposed for the purposes of: improving air quality and public health; improving traffic safety; addressing design deficiencies; addressing projected traffic volumes; and addressing projected growth in population, employment, and economic activities related to goods movement. Community groups and government agencies have expressed concerns about the potential health impacts of the expansion and, as a result, Metro decided to conduct this HIA.

Separately, we’ve been working with the Environmental Protection Agency on developing a scope for HIAs on capacity expansion projects at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. The scope is now publicly available and HIP and the EPA are taking comments on it. The EPA is hosting a call in early September to discuss the scope and potential next steps with stakeholders, with the goal of encouraging HIAs on future port plans and projects.

We’re also starting a HIA on the Lake Merritt BART Station Specific Plan in Oakland. Public Health Law and Policy received a grant from the Federal Transit Administration to work with the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, Asian Health Services, Transform and us on this project, which focuses on transit-oriented development (TOD) near this under-utilized BART station. The intent of the grant is to create a toolkit for incorporating health in transportation planning, with HIA as the main tool by which to do so.

Technical Assistance Projects

We are currently providing training and technical assistance to 15 groups around the country. Nine of these projects are funded by the Health Impact Project (a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts). While not all nine are publicly announced yet, five are:

• CA Department of Public Health on a HIA of a proposed state cap and trade policy
• The faith-based organization, ISAIAH, on a HIA of a proposed light rail zoning plan in St. Paul, Minnesota
• Kohala Center in Hawaii on a HIA of a proposed agricultural plan
• The New Hampshire Center for Public Policy on a HIA of proposed state budget policies
• Texas Southern University on a HIA of proposed light rail transit-oriented development plans in Houston

Another four training and technical assistance projects, funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, are a collaboration with the Place Matters Initiative, whose place-based teams are designing and implementing strategies to address the social determinants of health. We are working with teams focused in Albuquerque, Detroit, Oakland and New Orleans. While we are currently helping each team choose a topic for their HIA, it looks like they will potentially be working on a range of topics from pay equity to education policy to land use.

In addition to these projects, we continue to support state health departments in California, Oregon, and Wisconsin as they work to build HIA capacity at the state and local levels.

As you can see from the amazing range of HIA topics, locations, and types of organizations involved, HIA is in a stage of very rapid expansion.

New Website

Last, but not least, we’re excited to officially launch our new website – www.humanimpact.org. We restructured the website for clarity and to provide additional resources to the HIA community. We’ve tried to make sure that everything previously available (e.g., our searchable EvidenceBase that reviews the evidence for links between land use and health outcomes - http://www.humanimpact.org/evidencebase) is still available and we’ve tried to include new resources (e.g., a document library that contains our resources for conducting Health Impact Assessment (HIA) - http://www.humanimpact.org/doc-lib). If you can’t find something you’re looking for, please let us know – our goal is to make all our work and tools available to anyone interested.

To do all this, we’ve expanded our team. Casey Tsui recently came on board as a Research Associate. We’ve also had a fantastic intern, Lisa Chen, working with us.

As always, thanks for all your support and continued collaboration!

The Human Impact Partners Team
(Casey, Celia, Jen, Jonathan, Kim, Lili, and Marnie)

Clarification: Health Impact Assessment in Thailand

A number of Thai colleagues contacted me following my earlier post about the apparent relaxing of Thailand's HIA regulations. They reminded me that whilst it's correct that the range of industries that are required to do HIAs under Thailand's health and environmental legislation have been reduced it's only part of the picture.

Local communities still retain the right, guaranteed under the Thai constitution, to request that a court and an expert committee examine whether an HIA is required, irrespective of other regulations. This has already occurred in the Mab Ta Phut case, with a court already ruling that 76 projects in the region have to undertake HIAs.

Thailand's Health Impact Assessment Requirements Reduced, Narrowed

The Nation is reporting that the number of industries that are required to do HIA's under Thailand's far-reaching HIA regulations has been severely circumscribed. Whilst clarify the regulations this move represents a significant backwards step, with many large-scale, potentially harmful projects no longer subjected to any review of the potential health impacts of their projects.

For example a gas processing plant planned by the state-owned PTT company for the Mab Ta Phut Industrial Area in Thailand will no longer require an HIA, despite plans for it to produce up to 100,000 tonnes of liquified petroleum gas per month. Many other projects with significant health risks are also no longer required to conduct HIAs (see below).

Update to this story here

The major projects in the following industries that are still required to conduct stand-alone HIAs:

1. Offshore or coastal landfill of areas larger than 300 rai
2. All types and sizes of mine operations
3. Industrial estate and annexed or extended areas
4. Headstream or middlestream petrochemical productions, of all sizes, or extended size of at least 35 per cent of output
5. Steel or ore mills, with minimum daily output of 5,000 tonnes
6. Production, modification or disposal of radioactive material in operations of hospital, veterinarian clinics, or research
7. Disposal facilities or crematoriums of waste harmful to human health
8. Airports with runways of 3,000 metres' minimum length
9. Piers and ports, except small-scale used by locals
10. Dams or reservoirs with minimum capacity of 100-million cubic metres and water surfaces of 15 kms
11. Power plants, except those fuelled by natural gas or combined cycle power plants that increase output to 3,000 megawatts

Projects in these industries are no longer required to conduct HIAs:

1. Irrigation projects
2. Natural saline suction projects

Projects in these industries don't have to do HIAs but are required to conduct EIAs:

1. Cremation of biologically-infected waste
2. Water transfer operations over major rivers and international operations
3. Watergate operations

Projects in these industries are suggested to consider conducting an EIA:

1. General operations located near World Heritage or historical sites, wildlife reserves
2. Construction or renovation of permanent installations outside seawalls or anti-erosion dykes, in areas reserved for environmental protection or tourism

Photos of Mab Ta Phut, the industrial estate in question:

An Asia Pacific Health Impact Forum: An idea whose time has come?

The use of health impact assessment (HIA) has expanded rapidly throughout the Asia Pacific, with several hundred people now having some level of experience with conducting HIAs. These people are scattered however, with limited ability to share experiences, ask questions or seek help.

I'd like to propose a new grouping to help meet these needs: an Asia Pacific Health Impact Forum.

I envisage this forum as a mechanism for information sharing and exchange between individual HIA practitioners (organisations would not necessarily be members). Some of its functions may include promoting the use of HIA across the Asia Pacific region, supporting HIA events, and acting as a mechanism for contacting HIA practitioners.

The forum is not intended to be an association, nor is it intended to replace existing regional initiatives such as WPRO's Thematic Working Group on HIA. In many ways it is about providing a framework for existing ad-hoc activites such as the Asia Pacific HIA HIA listserv and determining venues for Asia Pacific HIA conferences.

I'd like this post to provide a starting point for discussion. What do you think? Please let me know in the comments. Specifically:

• What should be the aims of the forum?
• Who should be members of the forum?
• Which countries should be included in the forum?
  
• What should the forum’s core activities be?
• Should there be a forum Chair? How should they be determined?
• Should the forum be affiliated with the International Association for Impact Assessment?
• Do we even need a forum?
  

Health impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: preliminary findings

In June this year, the US Institute of Medicine convened a workshop in New Orleans that brought together 350 federal, state and local government officials, expert scientists, academic leaders, policy experts, health care providers, public health advocates, community representatives, residents and others to examine options for measuring the Gulf oil spill's potential health effects on different communities.

There were seven main themes that emerged from the workshop:

• Complexity
  Assessing the effects on human health of oil spills and response activities is complex.

• Multiple dimensions
  Human health is multidimensional and includes physical, psychological, and socioeconomic dimensions.

• Uncertainty
  Information about the specific hazards related to the Gulf oil spill and the range of potential acute and long-term effects of oil spills on human health is incomplete and leads to uncertainty.

• Immediacy
  Understanding the current state of knowledge can guide immediate actions to mitigate known risks and to fill existing knowledge gaps.

• Community engagement
  Community involvement and collaboration are essential when designing surveillance systems, related research activities, and effective risk communication strategies.

• Coordination
  Coordination can strengthen existing and developing surveillance and monitoring systems.

• Commitment
  Long-term surveillance and related research activities are critical to identifying acute, chronic, and long-term health effects of oil spills.

Check out the full workshop findings online at the National Academies photo link above, download  a PDF of the summary, or buy a hard copy or PDF of the whole workshop.

Wellesley Institute: some useful links on Health Equity Impact Assessment

Wellesley Institute HIA page

The Wellesley Institute in Canada has some interesting stuff on Health Equity Impact Assessment.

I'm not sure about the use of the term Health Equity Impact Assessment - I much prefer plain old Health Impact Assessment - but I can't argue with the interesting work that they are doing both HIA and Non-HIA related.

The items that caught my eye were:

• Building Equity Into Health Impact Assessment
  The American-based Prevention Institute made a presentation to recent National Research Council deliberations on HIA. They argued that HIA aligns well with primary prevention or upstream action on the roots of ill health and health disparities, and with healthy community planning approaches to addressing the underlying determinants of health…

• Using Health Equity Impact Assessment Creatively: Local Mental Health Strategy
  To drive health equity into practice we need to be able to identify the specific needs of health disadvantaged populations, key access barriers, and gaps in available services for these communities. Health Equity Impact Assessment is an effective planning tool that is increasingly being used within LHINs and in many other jurisdictions to build equity into service provision. I recently presented a workshop to the Mental Health and Addictions Decision Support Working Group of the Toronto Central LHIN on how HEIA could be applied to developing quality improvement plans and indicators…

• Health Equity Into Action Through Good Planning: Health Equity Impact Assessment
  I recently presented a workshop to senior staff at a Toronto academic hospital on Health Equity Impact Assessment. We need good planning to operationalize equity within hospitals, community health centres and other service providers and HEIA is an effective planning tool...

• Implementing Health Equity Impact Assessment
  I recently spoke to the Diversity and Inclusion Advisory Group of the Central LHIN on the Health Equity Impact Assessment pilot project undertaken by The Wellesley Institute, the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and Toronto Central LHIN. Central has done some tremendous work integrating equity into their new strategic plan (Integrated Health Service Plan-2) and ongoing service planning...

• Engaging the Community in HIA
  The Wellesley Institute promotes community engagement in various areas, as it is essential for effective reform of public policy. It is crucial that community engagement reflect the diversity of the population, including marginalized groups. HIA could benefit enormously from a community engagement component since the purpose of HIA is to consider how policies and programs impact the health of the community...

• Developing HEIA in Ontario
  The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and Toronto Central LHIN developed a Health Equity Impact Assessment (HEIA) tool designed to assist LHINs and health service providers in service planning...

Click here to go to the Wellesley Institute HIA page

Assessment of Human Health and Wellbeing in Project Environmental Assessment: Free book chapter

Patrick Harris and I wrote a chapter on human health in EIA for an Indian book on environmental clearance. The chapter can be downloaded for free or you can order a copy of the book from the publishers.

The citation for the chapter is:

Harris P, Harris-Roxas BF. Assessment of Human Health and Wellbeing in Project Environmental Assessment. In: Bhattacharya J (ed). Project Environmental Clearance: Engineering and management aspects, Wide Educational: Kolkata, India, p 355-379, 2010. Download

New Health Impact Assessment Website: UCLA's HIA-CLIC

UCLA HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT
CLEARINGHOUSE LEARNING & INFORMATION CENTER (HIA-CLIC)

http://www.hiaguide.org

Designed for Health Impact Assessment (HIA) practitioners, public health, planning and environmental professionals, public officials and community members, the new HIA-CLIC website includes:

• A database of completed and in-process HIAs across the U.S. with summaries and links to more information, searchable by keyword, type of policy and more;
• Reviews and tutorials on tools and methodologies used in HIAs with links to organizations providing technical assistance;
• Summaries of the research linking policies in different sectors with a wide range of health effects;
• Announcements of upcoming HIA training workshops across the U.S.; Downloadable HIA training guides and related materials to make HIA easier and more efficient;
• List of HIA-related legislation by state for the U.S.

Created by the UCLA HIA Project, UCLA School of Public Health with funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Prevention Institute on the Role of HIA in US National Health Reform

The Prevention Institute has offered some ideas on how HIA can contriibute to a broader health reform agenda in its testimony to the National Research Council Committee on Health Impact Assessment:

With the passage of the Affordable Care Act we have unprecedented funding to address health in a comprehensive, cross-cutting way that takes into account the broad determinants of health. The approach is rooted in equity and in the needs of communities. In order to do this work well, it must be done sustainably with an emphasis on changing norms and institutionalizing health-promoting principles. We see HIA as playing a critical role in supporting this work and offer the following preliminary recommendations to maximize the added value of HIA in the context of health reform.

More here.

Input Required: Second Draft of IFC Performance Standards

As many of you will be aware the International Finance Corporation is reviewing its performance standards.

The IFC is now in the second phase of the review and they accept further comments before the end of this month. The new draft is available from:

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/policyreview.nsf/Content/ProvideInput

Second Announcement: HIA 2010 3rd Asia and Pacific Health Impact Assessment Conference 17-19 November 2010

HIA2010: 3rd Asia and Pacific Health Impact Assessment Conference

17-19 November 2010
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

2nd Announcement

Conference organisers are pleased to announce that online registrations and submissions of abstracts, theme proposals, etc. are now open on the conference website: www.iaia.org/hia2010. Note that the deadlines have been put back a little to allow for the delayed opening of online submissions.

Please see the attached poster: print a copy for your noticeboard, send it to any colleagues who might be interested in the meeting.

Expanded description of conference themes is available on the conference website, under Program > Themes. Information about the location, and accommodation options can also be found on the website. More information will be posted over the next few weeks. However if anyone has specific questions about the conference, please feel free to email hia2010@otago.ac.nz

Richard Morgan,
Chair, HIA2010 Organising Committee.

Health in All Policies Adelaide 2010 International Meeting: Special Issue of the Public Health Bulletin South Australia

A special issue of the Public Health Bulletin South Australia on Health in All Policies (HiAP) is now online:

http://www.health.sa.gov.au/pehs/publications/public-health-bulletin.htm

The issue includes articles on:

• Adelaide Statement on Health in All Policies

• Reflections on the Adelaide 2010 Health in All Policies International Meeting

• Health governance in the 21st century: a commentary

• Holistic government and what works

• Health in All Policies: European Union experience and perspectives

• Health in All Policies across jurisdictions - snapshot from Sweden

• Health behind the dykes: health in a lot of policies in the Netherlands

• Health in All Policies at the local level in Finland

• Health in All Policies - critical elements of South Australia’s approach

• Intersectoral governance for Health in All Policies: an integrated framework

• The financial crisis: a case for Health in All Policies?

• Economic growth, economic decline and implications for Health in All Policies

• Health in All Policies: a pathway for thinking about our broader societal goals

• Obituary: Konrad David Jamrozik

It's an interesting issue with a diverse range of contributions - certainly worth a look.

The Italian legislation on Health Impact Assessment: the current national and regional regulatory framework

Interestingly there is an Italian HIA network see the authors below. Love to hear more about this network and what they are doing.

Abstract

The scientific literature on HIA is particularly rich in Anglo-Saxon countries (United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand), in Sweden and in the Netherlands, while in Italy there are not many scientific studies published on this theme. The study conducted showed that in Italy no laws relating to HIA have been enacted yet and that all laws enacted so far considered only EIA. Actually, legislation on environmental impact is in continuous expansion, even if at present, some regions have not yet passed a specified EIA-dealing law. In Italy the protection of health is promoted almost exclusively at a strictly medical level; decisions with strong social and environmental impact are not normally designed with particular regard to health issues. To increase in our country the interest for HIA, it would seem appropriate to discuss the usefulness of introducing health impact assessment in national and regional legislation. A possible law may indeed sensitize non-health decision makers to HIA, bringing Italy among the most innovative countries.
The main article is in Italian and can be found at Ann Ig. 2010 Mar-Apr;22(2):147-55.

Authors:
Bert F, Ceruti M, Colombo A, Lovato E, Bruno S, Costa G, Liguori G, Manzoli L, Siliquini R; Network Italiano HIA.

Collaborators:
Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi di Torino.Geraci S, De Vito E, Baglio G, Ricciardi W, Bruno S, Specchia ML, De Waure C, Manzoli L, Liguori G, Scaletti A, Del Cimmuto A, Pocetta G, Capunzo M, Boccia G, Cavallo P, Nante N, Lupoli A, Siliquini R, Costa G, Versino E.

Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20476654

Oregon HIAs

I just came across this site. Oregon have done at least 6 HIAs over the last 3 years or so. Click the IA title links to download the HIAs or better stil go and check out their site at:

http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/hia/completedhias.shtml

Tumalo, Oregon, Community Comprehensive Plan HIA
This HIA includes health-based recommendations for changes to the Community Comprehensive Plan, focusing on traffic calming measures and safety along Highway 20 which runs north and south through the Tumalo community, Deschutes County.

North Central Public Health District (NCPHD) Walkability HIA
NCPHD conducted a walkability assessment around the Chenowith Elementary School in The Dalles, Wasco County, looking at safety, geo-spatial analysis, and local community concerns.

Benton County accessory dwelling units (ADUs) HIA
This is a summary of Benton County's review of residential ADU policy options. The summary document outlines the policy recommendations that were considered and their implications. Benton County will be adding changes to the final version of this HIA.

Clark County (WA) Highway 99 Sub-Area Plan Health Impact Assessment

Vehicle Miles Traveled HIA, May 2009
Upstream Public Health and researchers at Oregon Health and Sciences University conducted this HIA of policies intended to reduce driving in Oregon. The full report, fact sheet and executive summary are available through the link above.

Columbia River Crossing HIA, June 2008
Multnomah County Health Department and partners conducted an HIA of the proposed expansion of the Columbia River Crossing, a bridge and highway connecting Oregon and Washington. Results were presented in the form of a comment letter on the project's Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

New US HIAs funded by the Health Impact Project

The Health Impact Project, a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Pew Charitable Trusts, announced today the award of more than $1 million in grants to HIA researchers in California, Georgia, New Hampshire, Minnesota, Texas and Hawaii.

The US researchers will conduct a health impact assessment of proposals that range from the transformation of an old Ford assembly plant into a mixed use shopping/office complex near the Atlanta airport to a plan to build a light rail transit line in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region.

The six grantees announced are:

1. The Center for Quality Growth and Regional Development (CQGRD), a research center of the Georgia Institute of Technology’s College of Architecture, will conduct a comprehensive HIA on the site of a former Ford assembly plant. The location contained several contaminated industrial sites that were cleaned in preparation for the repurposing of this land. The 122-acre site, located in Hapeville, Georgia, adjacent to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, is slated for the “Aerotropolis Atlanta” development project, which will result in over 6.5 million square feet of office, hotel, shopping and airport parking facilities, as well as a solar energy component. CQGRD will use the HIA to consider the project’s range of potential benefits and impacts on surrounding communities, and to offer a series of practical measures to maximize health benefits, potentially positioning the Aerotropolis as a catalyst for healthy, sustainable living. The stakeholder engagement strategy ensures input from the community, developers, local agencies and other stakeholders and will incorporate these results into HIA findings. A final report is expected to be ready in June 2011.
2. ISAIAH, TakeAction Minnesota and PolicyLink are working together in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area to conduct an HIA of proposed land-use changes related to a new light-rail transit line that will connect the Twin Cities. The Central Corridor Light Rail Transit line, which runs through low-income and immigrant communities in St. Paul, could have wide-reaching, positive impacts on health if it leads to a reduction in air pollution and increased access to grocery stores, parks and open space without residential and commercial displacement. Throughout the HIA, there will be an emphasis on stakeholder engagement to help build relationships between community members and organizations, key city and state agencies and policy makers, as well as ensure the HIA analysis focuses on issues key to impacted communities. Preliminary HIA findings are anticipated to be available by the summer of 2011. A public meeting will be held to share data, findings and recommendations upon completion of the project.
3. The Kohala Center will work in partnership the Hawaii Department of Agriculture and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Hawaii to develop an HIA that guides the creation of an agricultural plan for the county of Hawaii. As a nonprofit research and educational institute, The Kohala Center has strong community and decision maker support for the HIA. It will look at the health effects of proposals that range from increasing the production of fruits and vegetables to setting aside more land for growing bioiofuel or agricultural crops for exportation. The HIA findings, anticipated in December 2011, will help the county council craft a plan that maximizes health while balancing a complex set of contending priorities. Some HIA recommendations might be adopted as new county regulations or ordinances and be used to inform state-level agricultural policies.
4. The New Hampshire Center for Public Policy Studies, a nonpartisan, independent organization that pursues data-based research on public policy issues, will develop an HIA that will inform state lawmakers on the budget process beginning January 2011 and ending in June of the same year. The HIA will evaluate proposed state budget changes and show how funding changes in these areas might affect the health of residents. A synthesis of HIA findings and recommendations will be presented at a policy forum in mid-2011 and will be made available to legislators for their consideration during the budget process. The HIA will be guided by an interdisciplinary advisory group with participants from the legislature, state agencies and several advocacy groups to maximize the effect the information has on the budgeting process.
5. Texas Southern University, in collaboration with Houston Tomorrow and Baylor College of Medicine, will conduct an HIA to help inform Houston’s Urban Corridor Planning project. The city initiative calls for transit-oriented development in 65 Houston neighborhoods through which a 30-mile, five-corridor light-rail expansion is planned. The HIA will examine potential health impacts that could result from the creation of city ordinances and incentives to promote transit-oriented development in the rail corridors. Increased access to public transportation and services, mixed land-use development and affordable housing are among the potential outcomes of transit-oriented development that could ultimately benefit health. This study will look at specific data and conditions for neighborhoods surrounding three of the planned rail stations. A multi-tiered plan for stakeholder involvement will help ensure that community and decision maker input is incorporated throughout the HIA process. Results are anticipated in late spring 2011. Decision makers will also be briefed directly on the final HIA recommendations.
6. · The University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health will team up to conduct two health impact assessments. The first HIA will assess the potential health effects of a proposed subway and other mass-transit alternatives through Los Angeles’ high-density, high-traffic Wilshire Corridor running from mid-town Los Angeles to the city of Santa Monica. A final HIA report, expected in June 2011, will provide evidence-based recommendations to maximize the health benefits of the Wilshire Corridor alternatives. In the second HIA, the project partners will help decision makers weigh the public health implications of different municipal water-conservation policies — another critical regional issue. HIA recommendations for this project will aim to address current, as well as long-term, projected water shortages tied to population growth and climate change.

UK Public Health Association Publishes a Position Paper on HIA

The UKPHA, through the work of its Health and Sustainable Environments Special Interest Group, has recently published a HIA position paper arguing that HIA is one important approach to improving community health and wellbeing.


The UKPHA:
• strongly supports the use of HIA as a means to achieving better health outcomes in all areas of policy, strategy and development.

• advocates the use of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) as an important and effective approach to ensuring that community health and wellbeing is being protected and improved.

• recommends that HIA should become a mainstream approach, and considers that the uptake, quality and standing of HIA should be enhanced through its regular and consistent application across new policies, plans, programmes and projects.

• believes that the promotion of HIA and HIA techniques can provide a valuable focal point for greater interaction between health, and strategic and development planning bodies, and help to bring about the wider application of good practice in this area.

The UKPHA HIA position paper recommends:
• Routine use of HIA at a strategic level on new policies and plans
• Routine use of HIA at an operational level on new programmes and projects
• Developing stronger guidance and leadership at national and local levels
• Integrating HIA into others forms of impact assessment

Click here to download the full paper.

Click here to go to the ukpha website.

Disclosure: I am one of the UKPHA members who helped write up the position paper.

The UKPHA is an independent, UK wide voluntary association, which brings together through our membership, individuals and organisations from all sectors, who share a common commitment to promoting the public's health. The UKPHA mission states that through our members, activities and co-operation with others, we aim to be a unifying and powerful voice for the public's health and well being in the UK, focusing on the need to eliminate inequalities in health, promote sustainable development and combat anti-health forces